Ubwenge buhangano (AI) bukomeje kwifashishwa mu mirimo itandukanye. Kuri ubu iri koranabuhanga ryatangiye gufasha inzobere mu buvuzi gufata ibyemezo bizira amakosa mu ivuka ry’abana hifashishijwe laboratwari, ibizwi nka (In vitro fertilization: IVF).
IVF ni uburyo intanga z’umugabo zihurizwa n’iz’umugore muri laboratwari, hanyuma iryo gi rigasubizwa mu mugore umwana agakura.
Ubu buryo bumara igihe kingana n’ibyumweru bitatu, bwifashishwa iyo hagati y’umugabo n’umugore we badashobora kubyara mu buryo busanzwe bijyanye n’ibibazo, cyangwa mu gihe umuryango udashaka guhita ugira umwana mu gihe runaka, ukabikisha izo ntanga nyuma ukazasaba ko zikorwamo umwana mu gihe bashakiye.
Uwo mugore ashobora kuba nyir’intanga cyangwa undi bahisemo ushobora kubatwitira, ariko akitabwaho n’abaganga umunsi ku wundi kugera umwana avutse.
Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe kugenzura no kurwanya indwara (CDC) kigaragaza ko umuntu umwe muri batanu aba adashobora gutwita mu gihe kingana n’umwaka agerageza, bigatuma ashaka amafaranga akajya gushaka ubufasha binyuze muri IVF.
Ku rundi ruhande ariko na byo ntibiba byizewe 100%, ikirenze ibyo biba binahenze kuko ushaka ubu buryo aba asabwa gutanga arenga ibihumbi 12$ ni ukuvuga arenga miliyoni 12 Frw, ku nshuro imwe, ndetse umuntu aba asabwa kuba yagerageza inshuro zirenze imwe ari nako amafaranga yiyongera.
Hari ubwo kandi abahanga mu by’ubuvuzi baba badafite ubushobozi bwisumbuye bwo kumenya niba igi rizavamo umwana imiterere yaryo, ibibazo rifite ku buryo ashobora kwemeza ko rizavamo umwana cyangwa bitazakunda.
Ikigo cy’Ikoranabuhanga cyita ku buzima bw’imyororokere cya AIVF giherereye i Tel Aviv muri Israel cyashatse uburyo gishobora guhangana n’ibyo bibazo binyuze mu gutanga imibare ya nyayo mu kongera amahirwe yo kubyara umwana ushyitse.
Iki kigo cyashinze porogaramu ya mudasobwa yifashisha ubwenge buhangano yiswe EMA, ifasha mu gutanga amakuru y’iryo gi arenze ku yo umuganga ashobora gutahura ku bwe bigafasha mu guhitamo igi ryavamo umwana.
Umuyobozi wa AIVF akaba n’inzobere mu bijyanye na IVF, Daniella Gilboa yabwiye Fox News ko ubu buryo ryubakira ku ikoranabuhanga riteye imbere rimaze imyaka 50 ryifashishwa mu mu buzima, ariko ngo nubwo iyo myaka ishize ntiriragera ku rugero rwifuzwa.
Ati “Urugero rwo kugira ngo umwana avuke ari muzima hifashishijwe, IVF ruracyari hagati ya 23% na 25% mu byiciro by’ababyeyi byose. Ibi bisobanuye mu magerageza atanu umwana umwe ari we uvuka ari muzima.”
Avuga ko ikibazo gihangayikishije ari uko IVF idashobora guhaza ibyifuzo by’abantu bakeneye abana muri ubu buryo mu gihe butaba bushakiwe iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ribworoshya.
Ati “Abagore basigaye babika intanga zabo mu buryo bugenzweho kugira ngo babe baretse kubyara hanyuma bite ku kazi, bazabyare mu gihe runaka bumva babohotse. Urumva ko bakeneye ubu buryo bugezweho nubwo serivisi zibuturukaho zikiri nke.”
Akomeza avuga ko mu bantu 100 bakeneye izo serivisi 20 ari bo bazibona byoroshye, ibigaragaza ko 80 basigaye baba bamaze gutakaza amahirwe yo kugira umwana.
Gilboa avuga ko mu mirimo ituma ubu buryo bushoboka, iyo bigeze ku rwego rwo guhitamo igi ryujuje ibisabwa (kuko intanga ngabo ziba zahujwe n’intanga ngore ziba ari nyinshi bigasaba guhitamo igi irimeze neza) bisaba ubwitonzi n’ubuhanga buzira kwibeshya.
Ati “Tekereza nawe uri muganga ugomba guhitamo bene urwo rusoro rumeze neza, mu zindi nyinshi. Uba ugomba gukoresha ubwenge bwawe kugira ngo uhitemo urushobora kuvamo umwana ushyitse.”
Arakomeza ati “Ushobora kuba ufite insoro umunani, 10 se cyangwa 12 zose zimeze kimwe ukabona nta kibazo zifite. Ni wowe ubwawe ugomba gufata uwo mwanzuro ugoye wo guhitamo urutanga umusaruro.”
Kuri iyi nshuro EMA ifasha mu kugenzura ya magi yose igakoresha uburyo bugezweho mu gutoranya ashobora kuvamo umwana, biruta uko umuntu yabikora.
Gilboa arakomeza ati “Iyo porogaramu yatojwe gutahura buri kimwe cyose kigize iryo gi, gituma hari ibigaragara ku mwana watwiswe, nk’ubumuga runaka, igitsina cye n’ibindi umuntu ubwe atakwishoboza kubona.”
Iri koranabuhanga rigenda ritanga amanota ku bijyanye n’urugero igi rigezeho ku kuba ryavamo umwana muzima hanyuma muganga agafata icyemezo ashingiye kuri iyo mibare yeretswe na AI.
Gilboa yerekana ko hatifashishijwe AI abaganga baba bagombaga gukoresha uko iryo gi rimeze inyuma gusa kugira ngo bamenye niba koko rifite ubuzima buzira umuze.
Ati “Ariko mu by’ukuri ubwo busesenguzi bwonyine ntabwo bwatuma amahirwe yo kuvamo umwana ushyitse kw’iryo gi yiyongera. AI ifasha umuganga kuba yagabanya ibyago byo kwibeshya ahubwo akabona amakuru yizewe kandi yisumbuye.”
Uretse kuba iri koranabuhanga ryafasha abantu kuba ryatanga amakuru ya nyayo ashobora gufasha abahuje intanga babona umwana, AI ngo yihutisha iyi mirimo cyane kurusha uko ubwenge bwa muntu bwabikora.
Ibi bisobanuye ko abaganga bakora muri uru rwego bashobora gufasha abantu benshi bakeneye ubwo buryo.
Iyi porogaramu ya EMA kandi ngo yahawe ubushobozi bwo kumenya igi rishobora gutanga umusaruro n’iridatanga amahirwe, Gilboa akavuga ko kugira ngo bubake ikintu nk’iki “bisaba umwanya munini kugira ngo kibe cyakwemerwa gukoresha.”
Nk’izindi porogaramu zifashisha ubwenge buhangano, uyu muyobozi avuga ko EMA itaje kuba ikibazo ngo ibe yakwambura abaganga akazi ahubwo izabafasha kugera ku musaruro usabwa, abakeneye serivisi nk’iyi bakayibona byihuse.
Ati “Uko byagenda kose umuntu niwe birangira afashe ibyemezo, si AI. Ni porogaramu ifasha umuganga kugenzura rya gi, kugira ngo IVF ikorwe neza. Si umuntu uhanganye na AI ahubwo ni umuntu ufatanyije na AI umusaruro ukiyongera.”
Kugeza ubu iri koranabuhanga rigaragara riri gukoreshwa mu Burayi, Aziya y’Amajyepfo ndetse Gilboa avuga ko mu minsi ya vuba rishobora gukoreshwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Ibitaro, amavuriro n’ibigo nderabuzima byamaze kubugura ngo biri kubafasha cyane kuko ngo byongereye 30% byo gutanga amakuru nyayo ku igi rishobora kuvamo umwana cyane ko uburyo busanzwe bwa IVF busaba ko umuganga anyura mu byiciro bitanu mu gihe EMA yo itageza kuri bibiri.
UBUREZI.RW
